Dong Suhua: Talking About the Overall Solution of Urban Parking Planning and Urban Static Traffic -

In 1996, I undertook the technical subject of urban parking lot system planning in the national Seventh Five Year Plan science and technology project. When formulating the research direction and research outline, I put forward that urban parking involves four levels: policy, planning, construction and management, which is actually the overall solution of urban parking. This idea has been affirmed and supported by Wang Jingxia, former counsellor of the State Council and President of China urban planning and Design Institute. She has also personally participated in the research work. Obviously, the level of policy and planning was mainly the responsibility of the government, and it was also the first subject to be studied and solved at that time.

Therefore, the research focused on the pioneering research on parking policy and planning, and won the second prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of construction. Relying on this achievement, we have successively completed the preparation of urban parking planning guidelines and urban parking planning and construction management regulations entrusted by the Ministry of construction, and further deepened the relevant parking research in Beijing after 2000. This paper reviews the development of parking planning technology from the perspective of static traffic overall solution, and puts forward some suggestions on the existing problems and future work. At present, the serious situation of urban parking in China includes not only the problems of management system and management means, but also the problems of parking policy and planning technology. 2. In terms of planning, there are the following problems: (1) parking planning lags behind, parking planning has not received due attention for a long time, urban construction has not included parking lots in the planning, and urban parking facilities lack unified planning and reasonable layout. Until the increasingly prominent contradiction between parking supply and demand, the planning department was forced to face up to a series of problems caused by the lag of parking planning. The lack of scientific planning as guidance was one of the reasons for the parking problem. (2) planning is eager for quick success and instant benefit.

It is understood that many cities have recently carried out parking lot planning in order to get special funds. A lot of basic work has not been done. There are doubts about the implementation of parking lot planning. (3) the enforceability of parking planning is poor. Because the static traffic problem is not considered in the urban master planning stage, and the parking facilities determined in the planning are not implemented in the regulatory detailed planning, the parking planning can not play a connecting role at all, and it is even more weak in guiding the spatial layout of urban traffic facilities in the recent and planning period. Many urban parking plans are difficult to implement. (4) the parking lot planning is not systematic.

There are many departments involved in parking lot planning, construction and management, and the urban planning and design unit is mainly a spatial planning. The fragmentation of parking lot ownership and management seriously hinders the establishment of a unified and systematic urban parking information platform. (6) there is a lack of analysis on parking interest groups. Many parking plans cannot be implemented because the demands of parking interest groups are inconsistent. For example, it is difficult to reach a consensus in the process of building a three-dimensional parking garage in the old community. 2. Analysis of the shortcomings of the current parking planning (1) the preparation department of parking planning is mainly presided over by the local urban planning departments. Large cities generally have special parking lot planning, and small and medium-sized cities only take parking lot planning as one of the contents in the comprehensive transportation planning, so the level of parking facility planning is relatively low.

Due to the lack of rigidity of parking lot planning, the land for public parking lots in many cities has been diverted for other purposes. The plan has not been implemented. (2) from the perspective and professional limitations of the planning department, the personnel engaged in parking planning are mainly composed of urban planning and traffic engineering personnel. Due to professional limitations, they do not know much about intelligent parking, parking operation, parking lot construction and parking lot investment and financing, and only completed the spatial planning of a parking lot. (3) parking basic data problem due to various reasons, parking planning in many cities lacks the support of parking facilities survey data, and there is no GIS based parking basic information database; There is a lack of gap data on parking supply and demand based on traffic district (a special term for traffic planning analysis). (4) little has been done to solve the problem of insufficient stock of parking facilities left over by history. Several suggestions 1. Suggestions on strengthening the enforceability of parking planning to solve the connection between parking planning and the implementation of parking lot construction, we should actively carry out the research on the implementation planning of parking lot construction, carry out the construction necessity and feasibility study of each planned parking lot in combination with the planning results, and through a series of analysis, prediction and evaluation, Finally, select the parking lot with large parking demand and high comprehensive economic benefits for early construction, and formulate the construction sequence of each planned parking lot according to multiple indicators such as parking demand, comprehensive benefits, utilization rate and traffic accessibility, so as to promote the implementation of parking lot planning. 2. Suggestions for parking planning Zoning: old urban areas should make up for historical debts through the mechanical garage with a small floor area of the planning and construction unit, and rely on scientific and technological means to improve the utilization rate of existing parking resources, reduce the ineffective traffic generated by drivers looking for parking spaces and alleviate traffic congestion. Due to the limited carrying capacity of the road network, the relationship between the construction of parking facilities and the capacity of the road network must be considered when building parking spaces.

New urban area: study and formulate scientific parking allocation construction indicators and public parking lot layout planning scheme, increase the supply of basic parking spaces by strictly implementing the parking allocation construction indicators of the planning department, and solve the problem of travel parking by strictly implementing the social public parking lot planning. 3. Contents of parking planning in each stage of urban planning. It is suggested that the parking planning in the overall stage should be based on the land and other macro data used for traffic source analysis. According to the overall demand and distribution of parking, formulate macro policies and management strategies for parking development and the preliminary planning and layout of large public parking lots. Parking planning in zoning planning stage: under the guidance of the overall planning development strategy, study the development strategy and development conditions of local urban areas, allocate resources in local areas, and determine the supply and distribution of parking lots. The planning contents of new parking technologies such as regional parking guidance system, intelligent parking system and mechanical parking garage shall be added in combination with the development of new technologies in the parking industry.

Parking planning in the detailed planning stage: focus on the research, planning and design of the location of the parking lot, the form and scale of the parking lot, the traffic organization of the entrance and exit, and the management of the parking lot. The parking lot planning in the detailed planning stage often includes the feasibility study of the parking lot, and the research contents should include: the necessity of parking lot construction; Site selection and parking lot type selection; Parking demand forecast; Traffic organization of entrances and exits of parking lot and surrounding roads, etc. 4. As for the proposal on the overall solution of static traffic, the parking problem involves a wide range of policy issues, institutional issues, technical issues, land use issues and capital issues. In addition, it is very difficult to solve the arrears caused by the lag of parking lot construction for many years. Since the parking plan is formulated by the urban planning department, the specific parking project construction is approved by the national development and Reform Commission for feasibility study, the investment and financing of parking lot construction project is led by the investment promotion department, and the urban district level governments are also carrying out the construction of parking lot and road parking operation management, this piecemeal approach has proved to be unworkable. To solve the parking problem, the overall design shall be carried out, and the parking lot policy, planning, construction and management shall be comprehensively considered to avoid the mistakes of headache and foot pain, and the overall solution of static traffic shall be sought.

It is suggested to formulate an overall solution for static traffic as soon as possible, include the above contents, and be led and coordinated by the main principals of each city government. Block diagram of static traffic overall solution 5. Suggestions on establishing a professional team headed by experts to establish a professional team engaged in the implementation of urban parking system, including traffic planners, mechanical garage, intelligent parking, financial operation, parking operation management personnel, etc. after all, China's urban parking industry and technology have developed for more than 20 years, A group of people with rich experience have appeared in various fields of parking. It is suggested to establish a parking industry development research institute in due time, with experienced experts in the parking field as the backbone, and appropriately absorb relevant professionals such as traffic planning, intelligent parking management system, parking information platform, mechanical parking garage, parking lot investment and construction, etc. It is suggested that the national development and Reform Commission carry out the pilot of the overall solution of static transportation, and the Ministry of construction supervise the progress of the implementation of the overall solution of static transportation. 6. Suggestions on adding parking big data to the overall solution of static traffic. Urban traffic decision-making needs big data support. With the tool of big data, the collection method and basic analysis method are different from the previous methods of using sampling data to find out the laws and relevant factors through time series, regression analysis, principal component analysis and other methods.

However, there is a premise that there must be all samples, otherwise it is still the traditional method to infer the whole through part of the data. Parking is divided into static data and dynamic data. Static data is the geographic information of parking facilities. At present, what we are trying to obtain is the dynamic data of parking. Compared with other areas of urban transportation, parking dynamic data is incomplete, and even many cities lack complete parking static data.

Parking dynamic data has different utilization values for individuals and enterprises. For individuals, parking guidance can be obtained to save time. For enterprises, the benefits of standardized management and reduced loss can be obtained. Considering that parking is a link in the transportation travel chain, the use of parking big data needs to be combined with big data in other fields of urban transportation to reflect the use value. For example, if the road impedance function commonly used in the road traffic planning model is expressed by travel time, the traffic impedance is related to road conditions, traffic flow, road smoothness, traffic control, parking refusal probability and so on.

This example illustrates the relationship between parking convenience and road traffic. 　　.