Composition of Qualcomm V2x Development Platform

Qualcomm currently has three platforms, one with MDM 9150 chipset as the core, mainly aiming at R14 standard and focusing on non network direct connection applications. The second set takes mdm9250 chipset as the core, mainly aiming at R15 standard, focusing on network connection and improving traffic efficiency. The next generation TCU of Mercedes Benz and BMW has determined to use the mdm9250. The third set takes the sa2150p chipset as the core and mainly aims at the R16 standard. It has been promoted from 4G to 5g Nr. mobile communication has products based on sa2150p.Different from the previous two generations, sa2150p is an application processor, which is specially developed for v2x applications. In addition, Qualcomm also has optional plug-in v2x function for 5g sa415 / sa515m platform. The core of sa151m is Xiaolong X50 modem. Qualcomm Xiaolong X50 is a single-mode 5g baseband chip, which needs to be used with 4G LTE baseband. At the beginning, Xiaolong X50 was designed to operate in 28ghz band and is more interested in high-frequency millimeter wave scheme, Therefore, in fact, the performance at sub-6ghz may not be satisfactory. Of course, Qualcomm currently has the latest x55 modem.

The above figure shows a forecast made by the CTO of 5gaa Alliance on the v2x mass production application timeline in October 2020. Qualcomm's three generations of products may coexist for a long time. At present, the problem of spectrum allocation has not been solved. In the white paper of the 5gaa alliance in October 2020, it called on the U.S. government to give c-v2x sufficient spectrum bandwidth. 5gaa believes that basic security its applications, such as V2V and V2I applications at 5.9ghz, need a bandwidth of 10-20mhz. Advanced its applications, such as V2I / P at 5.9ghz, require bandwidth above 40MHz, v2n communication in c-v2x, service agnostic at low band (rural environment) below 1GHz, and at least 500MHz at medium band (urban environment) at 1-7ghz. At present, it is mainly the second-generation product of Qualcomm. At present, the frequency bands of v2x are mainly b46d and B47. B46d is the global standard, i.e. 5725mhz-5825mhz. B47 is for Japan, i.e. 5850-5925mhz.

Qualcomm c-v2x platform architectureFramework diagram of Qualcomm's second generation c-v2x development platformThe above table shows the main integrated circuits, and the prices are for reference only

The main components of Qualcomm's second-generation c-v2x development platform include mdm9250 chipset, including mdm9250 SOC, pmd9655 power management, wtr5975 transceiver, MCP package memory of lpddr and NAND, mt29rz4b2dzzhhwd of micron and 256MB NAND of lpddr2512mb. There is also 5.9ghz rfee, namely RF front-end, including power amplifier, antenna switch, low noise amplifier and filter. The application processor is Qualcomm's apq8096au, that is, the on-board version of Xiaolong 820, pm8996au power management, Samsung's 4GB lpddr4, k4f6e3d4hb. 2.4GHz, 802.11n, WiFi and Bluetooth 4.2 module qca6574au. Toshiba's tc9560xbg is an automotive grade PCIe to Ethernet Interface IC. It supports single channel generation 2 PCIe, eavb protocol, including ieee802.1as and ieee802.1qav, and has rgnii / RMII / MII Mac. Including cortex m3.

Qualcomm's c-v2x development platform includes NXP mpc5746 (asil-d level) and NXP K61. K61 is an MCU supporting IEEE1588 Ethernet interface and USB OTG. K61 converts the USB signal from the wheel speed sensor into SPI and outputs it to mdm9250. The IMU adopts the bmi160 of Bosch, which is a 16 bit 3-axis gravity accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope. However, Bosch now recommends bmi270 to replace bmi160. V2x adopts HSM hardware encryption. You can choose sfx1800 of NXP or sli97 of Infineon. The sfx1800 is specifically developed for v2x. The above figure shows the composition of NXP v2x rack, but this is for DSRC, but sfx1800 can also be used in c-v2x. Sfx1800 adopts arm SC300 core and contains 2MB flash. Sfx1800 adopts the Java card operating system (jcop) operating system of NXP, and password protection supports ieee1609.2 and ETSI TS 103 97 Cryptography Standards. Sli97 is mainly developed for eCall and v2x. Sli97csi is specially designed for v2x, with 1MB flash, so7816 interface and I2C and SPI interfaces.

The figure above shows the internal framework of Qualcomm sa2150p, which adopts the low-cost 4-core A53 design and removes the high-cost GPU. The SIMD design of arm neon is used to deal with parallel computing, and the cost is at least half lower than that of apq8096au. The main integrated circuits of Qualcomm's c-v2x development platform are about $200. In the future, apq8096au will be replaced by sa2150p, and the price is estimated to be reduced by $20-25.In terms of antenna, two 4-core fakras are used, respectively for WLAN and c-v2x, and one fakra interface for GPS. In addition, if European standards are considered, eCall and A2B digital audio are also considered. The Qualcomm development platform uses ADI's ad2410wccsz and audio codec, and uses Texas Instruments' tlv320aic3104irhbt. It is necessary to add 20 pin audio and microphone connectors, as well as a 20 pin connector including can, oabr physical layer and 12V power supply. Of course, there must be batteries.The above figure shows the protocol stack architecture. In fact, facilities are the protocol stack of its

The figure above shows the v2x protocol stack. The upper layer protocol stack or its protocol stack started very early in Europe and America. This is mainly because Europe and America began to conceive and implement the idea of building its system using wireless communication in 1999. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) began to formulate its protocol stack standard in 2008, and has basically completed it at present. However, it is based on DSRC, but the speed of transferring to c-v2x is very fast. After all, it is only the difference of communication mode. In January 2020, ETSI released ETSI en 303 613 access layer standard and ETSI tr 101 607 standard in the future. The United States, a little later than Europe, began to formulate the standard with DSRC as the communication mode in about 2010, that is, SAE j3161. In 2019, there is j2945 standard for c-v2x.

There is little difference between DSRC and c-v2x protocol stack.Qualcomm provides its protocol stack based on SAE and ETSI standards on the second generation mdm9250 development platform. It also supports third-party its protocol stack. For SAE, key its information includes BSM (basic safety message, SAE j2735), emergency vehiclealert (EVA), signal phase and timing (spat), map data (map), and travelerinformation message (TIM). For ETSI, key information includes decentralized environmental notification message (Denm), cooperative awareness message (CAM), signal phase and timing (spat), LDM (local dynamic map).The standards that have been basically completed in China are shown in the table above. The leading force is CCSA, that is, China Communication Standardization Association, and the rest are c-its, China intelligent transportation industry alliance, China Automotive Engineering Association c-sae, National Automotive Standardization Committee ntcas, and on-board information service industry application alliance TIAA. The standards to be developed are listed in the table below.

Original title: composition and cost analysis of Qualcomm v2x development platformThe source of the article: WeChat official account: Zoe automotive research] welcome to add attention! Please indicate the source of the article.