Knowledge Related to 2nd Air Defence Army 1988

2nd Air Defence Army traced its history back to 5 November 1941, when the 5th Air Defence Division was formed by the directive of Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 3024 in Kuibyshev. The basis for the formation of the division were components of the Moscow Air Defence Corps, relocated to Kuibyshev. In September 1944, during the completion of Operation Bagration, the division, reorganized into the 14th Air Defense Corps, moved forward to Minsk to organize air defense of the territory liberated by the 3rd Belorussian Front. The corps defended airfields, railway junctions and the cities of Minsk, Borisov, Lida, Molodechno. In July 1944 the corps units, in cooperation with fighter aviation, shot down 19 enemy aircraft. The 927th Fighter Aviation Regiment (927 IAP), located at Loshitsa airfield particularly distinguished itself. The regiment was commanded by Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant-Colonel N. Kozlov (later major-general of aviation, deputy commander of the 2nd independent Air Defence Army).

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the corps was reorganized into the Belorussian Air Defense District (1951), then to the Minsk Air Defense Corps (1954). In 1988 the 2nd independent Army of the Air Defence Forces (Russian: 2- ) comprised the 11th and 28th Air Defence Corps.

The 11th Air Defence Corps was formed on 15 March 1960 in Baranovichi, Minsk Oblast, from the PVO's 39th Fighter Aviation Division. 3rd Air Defence Division came under 2nd independent Army of the PVO from March 1960 to November 1977.

In 1988 it comprised:

Headquarters, Baranovichi

61st Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Baranovichi, Minsk Oblast) (MiG-25/Su-27)

201st Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Machulischi, Minsk Oblast) (MiG-23)(taken over by Belarus in 1992, and disbanded in 1994)

15th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Fanipol)

115th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Brest)

127th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Lida)

377th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Polotsk)

1146th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Orscha)

8th Radio-Technical Brigade (Baranovichi, Minsk Oblast)

49th Radio-Technical Regiment (Polotsk)

an independent Electronic Warfare BattalionIt was taken over by Belarus in early 1992, and survived to at least 1994.

Over the border in the Ukrainian SSR, the 28th Air Defence Corps was also part of the 2nd Air Defence Army until 1992.

In 1988 it comprised:

Headquarters, Lvov

179th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Stryy, Lvov Oblast) Converted to Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23M 1978; taken over by Ukrainian Air Defence Forces 1992; became 10th Aviation Base October 1994; disbanded December 1996.

894th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Ozerne) (MiG-23ML/MLD) (Formed 9 June 1942; taken over by Ukraine 3.1.92.)

254th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Mukachevo, Zakarpatskaya Oblast)

540th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kamenka-Bugskaya, Lvov Oblast)

270th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Lvov, Lvov Oblast)

312th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Nadvornaya, Ivan-Frankovsk Oblast)

438th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kovel, Volynskaya Oblast)

521st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Borshschev, Ternopol Oblast)

1st Radio-Technical Brigade (Lipniki, Lvov Oblast)

10th Radio-Technical Regiment (Stryy, Lvov Oblast)

17th independent Electronic Warfare Battalion (Kolomyya, Ivan-Frankovsk Oblast)

38th Communications Center (Lvov, Lvov Oblast)

• Other Related Knowledge of electronic components

2nd Air Defence Army 1988 of electronic components

2nd Air Defence Army traced its history back to 5 November 1941, when the 5th Air Defence Division was formed by the directive of Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 3024 in Kuibyshev. The basis for the formation of the division were components of the Moscow Air Defence Corps, relocated to Kuibyshev. In September 1944, during the completion of Operation Bagration, the division, reorganized into the 14th Air Defense Corps, moved forward to Minsk to organize air defense of the territory liberated by the 3rd Belorussian Front. The corps defended airfields, railway junctions and the cities of Minsk, Borisov, Lida, Molodechno. In July 1944 the corps units, in cooperation with fighter aviation, shot down 19 enemy aircraft. The 927th Fighter Aviation Regiment (927 IAP), located at Loshitsa airfield particularly distinguished itself. The regiment was commanded by Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant-Colonel N. Kozlov (later major-general of aviation, deputy commander of the 2nd independent Air Defence Army).

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the corps was reorganized into the Belorussian Air Defense District (1951), then to the Minsk Air Defense Corps (1954). In 1988 the 2nd independent Army of the Air Defence Forces (Russian: 2- ) comprised the 11th and 28th Air Defence Corps.

The 11th Air Defence Corps was formed on 15 March 1960 in Baranovichi, Minsk Oblast, from the PVO's 39th Fighter Aviation Division. 3rd Air Defence Division came under 2nd independent Army of the PVO from March 1960 to November 1977.

In 1988 it comprised:

Headquarters, Baranovichi

61st Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Baranovichi, Minsk Oblast) (MiG-25/Su-27)

201st Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Machulischi, Minsk Oblast) (MiG-23)(taken over by Belarus in 1992, and disbanded in 1994)

15th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Fanipol)

115th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Brest)

127th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Lida)

377th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Polotsk)

1146th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Orscha)

8th Radio-Technical Brigade (Baranovichi, Minsk Oblast)

49th Radio-Technical Regiment (Polotsk)

an independent Electronic Warfare BattalionIt was taken over by Belarus in early 1992, and survived to at least 1994.

Over the border in the Ukrainian SSR, the 28th Air Defence Corps was also part of the 2nd Air Defence Army until 1992.

In 1988 it comprised:

Headquarters, Lvov

179th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Stryy, Lvov Oblast) Converted to Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23M 1978; taken over by Ukrainian Air Defence Forces 1992; became 10th Aviation Base October 1994; disbanded December 1996.

894th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO (Ozerne) (MiG-23ML/MLD) (Formed 9 June 1942; taken over by Ukraine 3.1.92.)

254th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Mukachevo, Zakarpatskaya Oblast)

540th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kamenka-Bugskaya, Lvov Oblast)

270th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Lvov, Lvov Oblast)

312th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Nadvornaya, Ivan-Frankovsk Oblast)

438th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kovel, Volynskaya Oblast)

521st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Borshschev, Ternopol Oblast)

1st Radio-Technical Brigade (Lipniki, Lvov Oblast)

10th Radio-Technical Regiment (Stryy, Lvov Oblast)

17th independent Electronic Warfare Battalion (Kolomyya, Ivan-Frankovsk Oblast)

38th Communications Center (Lvov, Lvov Oblast)

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Early Career and Professorships of electronic components

Prior to moving to Emory, Cummings was the Ed Miller Endowed Chair in Molecular Biology, the George Lynn Cross Professor in Biochemistry, and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from 1992-2006.

He was the founder in 1999 of the Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology. Prior to his position in Oklahoma, Cummings was Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Georgia in Athens from 1983-1992 and Associate Director of the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center.

Research beginnings of biochemistryHe is a co-founder, among many other well-known scientists, of the fields of glycomics and glycobiology. His research, which has been funded by the National Institutes of Health since 1984, has focused on the biochemical and molecular regulation of cellular metabolism and function. His work emphasizes the roles of glycoconjugates in cell adhesion and cell signaling. In his biochemical studies he is exploring the fundamental pathways of glycoconjugate biosynthesis and alterations in biosynthesis in human and animal diseases. He is also exploring the roles of proteins and lectins that recognize glycans, as well as anti-glycan antibodies, in biological pathways and disease, including inflammation, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancer. Cummings has over 300 peer-reviewed publications in the field, along with over 70 review articles, and dozens of book chapters.

Appointments and awardsCummings is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2014), and a past President of the Society for Glycobiology (2001). In 2008 he received the Karl Meyer Award from the Society for Glycobiology and in 2019 he received the IGO Award from the International Glycoconjugate Organization, all in recognition of his many contributions to glycosciences. Cummings is the Chair of the Consortium of Functional Glycomics, a worldwide organization that is a comprehensive resource for functional glycomics. Cummings is also the Director of the National Center for Functional Glycomics, which relocated in 2015 from Emory to BIDMC/HMS, and develops and offers a variety of glycan microarray technologies for researchers in the field. Cummings is also co-Director of the Human Glycome Project, a world-wide effort to identify and functionally characterize the components of the human glycome. Cummings has also held numerous leadership positions in academia and has been a leader in industry and government involvement in scientific reviews and decision making.

Co-editing textbooksCummings is a co-Editor of the 1st Edition of Essentials of Glycobiology (1999), the 2nd Edition (2009) of Essentials of Glycobiology, and now 3rd Edition (2017) of Essentials of Glycobiology, the first textbook in the field of glycobiology. Cummings was also the artwork editor for the textbook and prepared most of the illustrations. This textbook in 2003 became one of the pioneering textbooks to be distributed electronically by the National Library of Medicine. Cummings is also a co-Editor of Handbook of Glycomics, which provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of glycomics, and a co-Editor of Galectins: Methods and Protocols. In addition, Cummings currently has 31 US Patents in the field of biotechnology and glycobiology.

EducationCummings graduated from Isabella High School near Maplesville, AL and received his B.S. in biology and chemistry from the University of Montevallo in Montevallo, AL. He received his Ph.D. in biology (biochemistry) from The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, where he trained with Dr. Stephen A. Roth, and was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Division of Hematology/Oncology at Washington University in St. Louis, where he trained with Dr. Stuart A. Kornfeld. Cummings also holds an honorary Master of Science degree from Harvard University and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Montevallo (2019). He also received the 2019 Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Montevallo.

Selexys PharmaceuticalsCummings was a co-founder in 2002, along with Rodger P. McEver, MD, and Richard Alvarez, MBA, of Selexys Pharmaceuticals Corporation, where he initially served as President and Chief Scientific Officer. Selexys was based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The emphasis of the company was in developing treatments for inflammatory disorders. In November 21, 2016 it was announced that Selexys was purchased by Novartis. The purchase occurred following receipt of results of the SUSTAIN study, a Phase II trial evaluating the use of SelG1, an anti-P-selectin antibody, in the reduction of vaso-occlusive pain crises in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Terms of the deal could total up to $665 million in upfront, acquisition and milestone payments. On November 15, 2019 the US Food and Drug Administration approved Adakveo (crizanlizumab), previously known as SEG101, to reduce the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), or pain crises, in adult and pediatric patients aged 16 years and older with sickle cell disease.

Tetherex Pharmaceuticals Corporation, formed in 2014 and also based in Oklahoma City, is a spin-off of Selexys. Tetherex develops novel first-in-class therapeutics targeting cell adhesion proteins in inflammatory, thrombotic and oncologic diseases, and its lead drug is a function-blocking anti-PSGL-1 antibody called SelK2, initially under development for the treatment of Crohn's disease and venous thromboembolism.

Cummings was also a co-founder in 1988 of ELA Technologies, Inc. in Athens, Georgia, that specialized in developing uses of bioluminescent proteins in high-sensitivity detection assays.